Biases Against Other Cultures

Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Like what Marilynn Brewer, at one point in her article, said of this natural phenomenon, our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction, and fairly constantly so. Group boundaries are not physical barriers, but rather discontinuities in the flow of social interaction. To one degree or another, a group’s boundaries encapsulate people in a social membrane so that the focus and flow of their actions are internally contained. Some boundaries are based on territorial location, such as neighborhoods, communities, and nation-states. Others rest on social distinctions, such as ethnic group or religious, political, occupational, language, kin, and socio-economic class memberships. When applied to interpersonal and intercultural setting, this social interaction generally generates prejudicial relationships among the several groups. Primarily, I was having a sense that my cultural group is superior to members of the culturally different groups, a feeling that the culturally different groups members are by nature different and alien, a sense that we have a proprietary claim to privilege, power, and prestige, and even a fear and suspicion that members of the culturally different groups have design on our benefits. In this respect, prejudice frequently reflects a sense of group membership or position. Indeed, it is not only the groups to which we immediately belong that have a powerful influence upon us. Often the same holds true for groups to which we do not belong. Indeed, in daily conversation, I recognize the distinction between my cultural group and those of others’ in our use of the personal pronouns we and they. For instance, because my friend and I have been comrades for quite a long time, we tend to mutually agree on many things including our perceptions towards religious matters. This is apart from the fact that we are both Christians. We also believe that Muslims have bias against women. As we reviewed some ins and outs, we reckon how the Qur’an gave women protection than traditional Arab law but did not ever have equality with men. Whereas Muslim men could be family-oriented, it only differs with Christians in that they are such in every family they have among many others. They could be protective of their families as the Qur’an only permits polygamy when the man is responsible enough to fulfill his responsibilities. But my friend and I believe Muslims and Christians, men or women, are educated. A number of Muslim women, particularly in the upper classes, are well educated and become known as artists, writers, and supporters of the arts. Nonetheless, we believe they are still sexists from a spiritual point of view as the Qur’an states that â€Å"men have authority over women because Allah has made the one superior to the other.† This makes their sect patriarchal in nature as much as Christians’ is. Because of these biases, sometimes I tend to prevent outsiders from entering our group’s sphere, and they keep insiders within that sphere so they do not entertain rival possibilities for social interaction. At times we experience feelings of indifference, disgust, competition, and even outright conflict when we think about or have dealings with other cultural groups’ members. Such social differentiation may have these grounds for conflict between us and the other culturally different groups: moral superiority, perceived threat, common goals, common values and social comparison, and power politics. Conflict intensifies ethnocentric sentiments and may lead to inter-group strife. Since we would like to view ourselves as being members in good standing within a certain group, or we aspire to such membership, we take on the group’s norms and values. We cultivate its lifestyles, political attitudes, musical tastes, food preferences, sexual practices, and drug-using behaviors. We establish for ourselves a comparison point against which we judge and evaluate our physical attractiveness, intelligence, health, ranking, and standard of living. This makes my ethnocentric view quite negative rendering people to take on social units with which we compare ourselves to emphasize the differences between ourselves and others. For the most part, the attitudes people evolve toward out-groups tend to reflect their perceptions of the relationships they have with the groups. Where the relations between two groups are viewed as competitive, negative attitudes (like prejudice) will be generated toward the out-group. Still, whereas competition had heightened awareness of group boundaries, the pursuit of common goals led to a lessening of out-group hostilities and the lowering of intergroup barriers to cooperation. Upon making substantial research myself, I learned that to avoid direct conflict between my primary group and the other cultural groups, we are introduced to the concept of â€Å"concentric loyalties.† When our membership group does not match our reference group, we may experience feelings of relative deprivation or discontent associated with the gap between what we have and what we believe we should have. Feelings of relative deprivation often contribute to social alienation and provide fertile conditions for collective behavior and revolutionary social movements. The concentric loyalties then may also contain clues to processes of social change especially a perception change towards inter-group phenomenon. On a personal note, we can only manage the dynamics of the Christian-Muslim differences by employing effective learning strategies to resolve conflict among people whose cultural backgrounds and values differ. In the school setting, for instance, there could be training sessions and group discussions to understand the historical distrust affecting present-day interactions. If my friend and I have good neighbors among Muslims, others may not do as they could be misjudging others’ action based on their learned expectations. Reference Brewer, Marilynn. (1999). â€Å"The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love or Outgroup Hate?† Journal of Social Issue, Vol. 5, No. 3.

Decision Making and Investment Decisions Essay

Chuck Jones aimed to have a new design decision process supported by data and surveys instead of a return or payoff on the investment approach. At first when he presented his idea, authorities requested poof and Mr. Jones was unable to show them proof. Then M. Jones started his process. 1.As a first step, he surveyed 15 â€Å"design-centric† companies, including BMW, Nike, and Nokia. To his surprise, few had a system for forecasting return on design 2. Mr. Jones needed to provide a new plan to focus on Customers preferences. 3.Good feedback from the public would equal possible future return on the investment that was requested by the research team. 4.Do not focus on Bottom-line returns 5.Puts Design prototypes in front of customer focus groups 6.Get detailed measurements of their preferences about Aesthetics, Craftsmanship, technical performance, ergonomics and usability 7.Chart the results against competing products and the company’s own product 8.This approach gives the Decision makers a base-line of objective evidence from which to make investment decisions Evaluation: The Duet washing machine, launched five years ago, was the first big win for the common platform approach. By redesigning an existing product, using the same underlying technology but with modifications to the appearance and user interface, the design team created a product that could be sold at three times the price of its predecessor and competitor products. Design investment decisions are now based on facts not opinion. The new decision making approach has transformed the company’s culture. It had led to bolder designs because the designers can now make a strong case for making those investments. By following this approach the company can do innovation in their products. The shift has enabled Whirlpool’s designers to make the business case for investments and give financial folks greater confidence to ante up–resulting in bolder designs. What criteria does Whirlpool’s design team use in design decisions? What do you think each of these criteria involves? Whirlpool’s design team used their customer’s preferences as the basis of the company’s criteria. After significant considerable investigation of the, what Chuck discovered was that many of the organizations, including those the ones that operate on a global scale, many faced the same or similar situation as he did; they were all in need of a system that could forecast profitability based on design. They used a â€Å"metric-based approach† design, to capture â€Å"objective evidence† that would support and provide insight into future investment decisions for the company. Chuck and his design team â€Å"created a standardized company-wide process that puts s design prototypes in front of customer focus groups and then get detailed measurements of their preferences about aesthetics, craftsmanship, technical performance, ergonomics, and usability. This approach I think provided Whirlpool with a â€Å"baseline of objective evidence from which to make investment decisions† because with this innovative approach, the company could now make â€Å"design investment decisions† that are based on fact and not opinion

Astrology Essay Research Paper Astrology From the

Astrology Essay, Research Paper Astrology From the morning of civilization, worlds have looked with admiration and awe at the celestial spheres, seeking to understand the nature of the Sun Moon and planets. Astrology and uranology are sometimes baffled, but they are both really different from each other. Astrology and astronomy started off as being the same as they had both developed a set of principals the originated more than 2000 old ages ago. But during the 1500 # 8217 ; s and 1600 # 8217 ; s several uranologists made finds about the celestial organic structures that conflicted with the rules of star divination. As a consequence uranology and star divination became highly different in their methods and intents. Astrology is the survey of the places and motions of astronomical organic structures, which are fundamentally concentrated on the Sun, Moon, and planets. including their effects on our prevarications and events on Earth. Astrology was studied in great item amongst the antediluvian Egyptians, Hindus, Ch inese, Estrucans and chaledeans of babilonia. The chaledeans are credited with the beginning of star divination in a crude signifier. They observed the influence of the celestial organic structures, and the of import significance of the Sun governing the seasons and finding the harvests, they besides believed that the power that ordered a human life resided in the celestial spheres and that it # 8217 ; s message could be read at that place. Later on the spread of Christianity altered the character of star divination. The Arabs found astrology less of import yet still accepted it, but to the Christians it was less acceptable, although it was often practised during the in-between ages. In the 16th century uranologists like The great Nicholas Copernicus and Galileo weakened the foundations of star divination and proved that the thought of an Earth centred existence was no longer valid and as astronomy became closer to lt ;< p>being an exact science, astrology became less acceptable. Many people throughout the world believed in astrology, these people would base very important decisions on the advice of astrologers, while others claimed that astrology had no scientific value and considered it to be merely a form of entertainment. Astrological advice and forecasts can be found in many daily newspapers, and several magazines and books are published on the subject every year. Most of this advice appears in a from known as horoscope. which was originally an elaborate chart drawn up to indicate what influences the heavenly bodies would have on the life of an individual born at a particular time. Horoscopes are drawn according to twelve birth sings. An individual’s astrological horoscope is determined by the position of all the planets at the exact moment of birth. Astrologers divide a year in to twelve equal sections called the zodiac, which was originally corresponded to twelve constellations which la y around the great belt of the heavens. Each constellation was regarded as a house of a particular planet. Each planet was believed to have either a strong or weak influence on a persons life, depending on it’s positions in the heavens. The divisions of the zodiac are called signs because ancient astrologers assigned descriptive names, mostly of animals, to various constellations and devised abstract symbols to fit these names, the position of the sun in one of these twelve constellations at the moment of birth determines an individuals sign. A person who is born at the time of change from one sign to another is called a cusp meaning a sharer of the qualities of both signs. No one has ever been able to prove the scientific accuracy of astrological predictions, and attempts to measure and define this skill have remained inconclusive.

LECOM School of Pharmacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LECOM School of Pharmacy - Essay Example Besides, I see that new accelerated programs in pharmaceutical care are helping the nation's healthcare needs to be met more efficiently and cost effectively. My previous experiences have been great preparation, and I will use much of the knowledge gained in my current job in this accelerated program. I hope that this accelerated program will provide me with advanced practical and theoretical preparation, because year-round curriculum proposed by LECOM School of Pharmacy best fit my needs and life expectations as I am an organized, determined, and well-rounded person who supposes that quality pharmaceutical care requires critical thinking to assess the patient's needs. I will do my best to become a high qualified professional in this field, because I have strong personal aspiration for it. I am an energetic and enthusiastic person, who loves to communicate with patients and have the constant demand for sincere attention for their needs. I have defined my career goals and the level of my education I require the next step matching my personal needs with the offerings and characteristics of specific programs like those proposed by LECOM School of Pharmacy. I am sure that I can cope with the demands of this program being well prepared, motivated and committed to pursuing my degree.

History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

History paper - Essay Example The Old Town is the location of Albuquerque’s historical buildings. The cities and people of each of these cities have taken the time to preserve their cultural history. Whether changing plans, or moving neighborhoods the historical sites have been protected for the future. All three of the cities mentioned, Albuquerque, Seattle, and Denver, were booming towns that grew into cities. After World War II people left the country for the suburbs. The Southwest was no exception. As the population grew, the cities expanded and rebuilt to accommodate the larger numbers of people. As a result committees formed to protect historical buildings and sites from change or outright demolition. From these protected areas one example will be examined from each city. The Plaza in Old Town will represent the example from Albuquerque. Seattle will be represented by Pioneer Square. Denver’s Union Station will be looked at too. Albuquerque’s Old Town Plaza is really a tourist’s dream of what Albuquerque should look like. Morely explains that Old Town Plaza is what tourists want to see (23). After World War II, Albuquerque decided to make Old Town part of the current Albuquerque. The need to keep it Native was imperative. Adobe structures and stucco were predominating under the new plan. Ordinances were created to prevent modern buildings from looking modern. The reason for the ordinance was to keep Old Town historic. Although modern techniques were applied, the appearance of history was promoted. In order to protect not just Old Town, but all of Albuquerque, rules and regulations were created. These rules were to create the atmosphere of a Latino influenced town. The dominate building on the Old Town Plaza is the San Felipe de Neri Church. This is the oldest building left in Albuquerque. San Felipe de Neri Church was the focal point of Old Town’s community since it was built (Morley 25). The Church has been the true symbol of the

The Global Trade Distribution Processes of Coca-Cola company Essay

The Global Trade Distribution Processes of Coca-Cola company - Essay Example Entry into a new market may require products to be changed in order to suit the preferences and tastes of the new foreign market. Multinationals are to be aware of the best stores for their products, the features most valued by the foreign audience, and the right prices to set for the products. This document covers Coca-Cola Company (from here on known as Coke); a beverage company that sells and distributes more than four hundred brands in two hundred countries around the globe (Coca-Cola, 2011); critically analyzing its success with respect to its international distribution strategies and processes while evaluating the issues involved in its quest for global dominance in the soft drinks and beverages industry. Distribution is defined by Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan (2011) as â€Å"the course, physical path or legal title that goods take between production and consumption. In international marketing, a company must decide on the method of distribution among countries as well as t he method within the country where final sale occurs.† The choice of a distributor and channel is the first step towards foreign market distribution. According to Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan (2011), a new company in a new market should rely entirely on external distributors as it is economical. This is a case where the new company distributes its products via other local distributors due to an under-developed market. However, the company can assume in house distribution once the market share is large. In Belarus, the market is not large and as a result, Coke relies on local distributors to handle transportation of products to retailers and final consumers in order to cut on their transportation costs (Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan, 2011). The US is one of the largest markets for the company’s products and as a result, the company has developed a business model that is mature and with distribution. Here, the company has outsourced its distribution and production to its distribution and bottling companies. The process involves marketers distributing Coke products (syrup) from Coke plants to bottling plants from where the canned and bottled products are distributed to centres and later they find their way to the final consumer or retail outlets (Kant, Jacks and Aantjes, 2008). Reports reveal that China will eventually surpass the U.S to become the Coke’s largest market (Chung, 2003). In China, Coke operates its own direct-to-retail distribution but the operation is faced by a slow growth accounting for just a fraction of the country’s Coke sales. The company has at least one sales centre in most Chinese cities housing more than one million people but most are owned by bottling companies (Weisert, 2001). The poor distribution of these stores in the country can be associated with inaccessibility and the culture of the Chinese people. A company looking for foreign distributors will typically opt for potential distributors. Among the common criteria followed when choosing these distributors is the financial strength of the company as well as its well-established connections. Since the relationship between the producer and the distributor is expected to be long lasting, the financial strength of the distributor is vital. In addition, the relationship will involve maintenance of certain things like inventories and as such assurances need to be made

Triple Bottom Line Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Triple Bottom Line - Essay Example The triple bottom line abbreviated (TBL) is a framework of accounting that utilizing the three dimensions performance module: financial, environmental and social spheres. This negates from traditional frameworks of business reporting through the incorporation of environmental and social parameters. These parameters utilisation as measurement means have difficulties that hinder their appropriate assigning in various fields. John Elkington who coined the term in 1994, endeavoured to measure sustainability in the mid 20th century through encompassing of a new measure to evaluating performances in corporate America (Elkington 1994, p. 92). This framework, known as the triple bottom line (TBL), involved going beyond traditional profits measuring strategies, as well as investment returns and shareholder value allowing for the inclusion of social dimensions and environmental (Elkington 1994, p. 93). Through putting emphasis on focus on comprehensive investment results, triple bottom line serves as an important support tool for goal sustainability maintenance. Triple bottom line Interest has seen growth especially in accounting in the lines of non-profit and profit oriented organisations as well as government sectors. Many firms including non-profits have incorporated TBL sustainability frameworks in performance evaluation. Similarly federal, local and state levels of governments have also adopted the modules in the management of currencies and such like activities. This paper seeks to analyse the concept of TBL while highlighting the practicability of the same in the business context on a global level through the utilisa tion of the diverse literature currently available on the issue. The dimension of the TBL commonly labelled the three Ps: profits, planet and people have proven to be a vital part of business integration since their formulation by John Elkington. Even before this pioneer started the idea of TBL concept for the manipulation

The Individual American Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Individual American Experience - Essay Example Ortiz expounds on the influence of language in forming one's identity in an essay called "The Language We Know." In it, he counters the notion that English is only unifying factor in the American Experience. Ortiz was raised in an Acoma-speaking family. The power of these years upon his creative self-concept is clear. Ultimately; he defines "American" as some permutation of pretense and dispossession. He recalls his father's skill as stoneworker with sandstone and mud to build pueblos - the time, persistence, patience, and the belief that the walls might stand forever (188). He believed working with his father influences his writing (189). Both are methods of continuity. Both are ways in which a people may hold near to themselves (187). Although writing is his profession, building is always his trade. McBride challenges common and popular notions of insular identities based on simplified racial categories in his book called The Color of Water: a Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother. He counters the notion that racial difference is the defining factor in the African American experience. His dominant narrative is that of self-discovery through the rediscovery of ancestry. Ultimately; he defines "American" as a combination of eclecticism and hardship. This book is written uniquely. Chapter by chapter, it toggles between his mother's experiences of growing up in America with his own. His mother details the strict rules of Orthodox Judaism and how they affected her (16). Although his mother is white, she lives in a black world and refuses to acknowledge her whiteness (37). James lives in a home of "orchestrated chaos" (66). He sees his house as a combination three-ring circus and zoo. He describes some of his siblings - his sister Helen, the rebel; Rosetta, the resident queen of th e house; his brother Dennis, the civil rights activist and artist with aspirations of becoming a doctor. The whites at his mother Ruth's school hated Jews, and in public, James becomes ashamed of his white mother (98). 1n 1941, Ruth's Bubeh died. Ruth decided to return to New York (155). Her father tried to get her to stay; she refused. He told her that if she married a black man, she could never come home again. In 1992, while standing in front of a synagogue in Suffolk, James acknowledges his own connection to the synagogue and to Judaism (189). Abu-Jaber reveals tensions between American and Jordanian cultures in a work called The Language of Baklava: a Memoir. In it, she counters the notion that one Americanizes in some sterile standardized way. For example, her father learns to hail strangers greeting men and women alike with the same greeting: "Hey, bud!" As such, she I grows up thinking of all Americans as Bud (34). Abu-Jaber tells the story of growing up in upstate New York with periodic transplants to Jordan. Her dominant narrative seems to be stories of being raised by a food-loving Jordanian father and Bedouin tents. She completes her work with recipes illuminating American and Jordanian and painting the complex portrait of her displaced father who cooked as a method of continuing the past with the present. Ultimately; she defines "American" as being like her father's relationship with food. His daughters knowing how to feed themselves and others in ways that help define them as people. Drawing from my own personal

Michelle Obama should be one of 2010 most influnce people in TIME Essay

Michelle Obama should be one of 2010 most influnce people in TIME Magezine - Essay Example Jamie Oliver, a chef and founder of the Jamie Oliver Food Foundation believes she is a true revolutionary. Oliver commended her for standing firm in her conviction â€Å"that if we all just eat better and move more, then we can fight obesity† (Oliver, par.4). First, Obama dedicates a great deal of her time on helping the military families. America is currently engaged in two wars; one in Afghanistan and another in Iraq. Both of these war conflicts cause a lot of death on America's fighting men and women. Family members are away for months at a time on active duty, away from their spouses and children. They are always in harm’s way; family members are always waiting beside the phone for the dreaded call. In this great trouble time their families need support and comfort. This is one of the best things that Michelle Obama does. She spent a lot of time working with these families to bring their stories to light and ensure that they are not forgotten in the middle of the ne ws cycle. She knows that they face a lot of problems and are sometimes ignored by the press and by the government. What she wants is a country that will recognize the sacrifices of those men and women who serve in the arm force to protect the country. Above all, she promotes and helps military families to ensure that they get the respect that they so richly deserve. She makes sure that their financial needs are met. She encourages them and appreciates them for their family service. Obama is not seeking attention or popularity, but she does it from the good of her heart. She also encourages everyone to support them and comfort them, while their family is on a mission to fight for the country we love. She will tell everyone, we are living free because they are fighting and protecting us. She helped those who are wounded while serving the country. She makes sure they get the proper medical attention that they need. Obama makes sure that the country recognizes the men and women who sacr ifice themselves to protect the United States of America. Obama, together with Jill Baden, wife of Vice President Joe Biden recently launched the â€Å"Joining Forces† campaign. According to Obama, this campaign is a way of giving back to the military families for their sacrifices. It aims to assist military families who confront unique challenges, such as frequently moving or having a parent or spouse at war. Obama realizes the difficulties that military families experience because of their separation from home. She has called on companies to recruit and hire members of the military and their spouses to help them in their financial needs. The three areas of concern of the â€Å"Joining Forces† campaign of Obama are in the fields of employment, education and wellness. In the area of education, â€Å"Joining Forces† will help schools to become more responsive to the unique needs of military children and families. It will also promote higher education institutions and programs of military-connected students and expand job-training opportunities for military spouses and veterans (Whitehouse.gov, par.7). In the field of employment, â€Å"Joining Forces† will highlight the workforce potential and expand the employment and career development opportunities of military spouses and veterans. It will also assist employers to create military family-friendly workplaces (Whitehouse.gov, par. 5). Obama believes that the military fami

1-calculate the Z-Score & Comment on the results,2- Find a debt rating Assignment

1-calculate the Z-Score & Comment on the results,2- Find a debt rating & Comment on the rating - Assignment Example It can also be used to evaluate the managers of a company, if the Z-score is favourable then the managers are doing a good job and the converse is also true. Additionally, the model can be used to check the viability of the firm before seeking employment and also to predict business failure of the company Debt rating refers to the continued monitoring of the firm’s financial status after they have been issued with a debt (Javier, 2014). The ratings are expressed as letters ranging from ‘AAA’ which represents the highest investment grade to ‘C’ which represents the lowest investment grade. This rating has an impact on the returns that must be offered in order to sell the debt instrument. For a firm to be considered suitable for investment, it must achieve a greater credit rating which is a crucial threshold because many funds are prevented by their ratings from any investments in bonds. Using the Standard and Poor’s debt rating agency, the above ratios indicate that the firm has a credit rating grade of B and below which is the low credit rating also referred to as the non-investment grade and is an indicator that the company is facing significant financial risks. Therefore, the power corporation should take necessary steps to prevent the company from being declared

Paul’s Missionary Journey Essay Example for Free

Paul’s Missionary Journey Essay The Apostle Paul was the great leader in the momentous transition which characterized the apostolic age, the transition from a prevailingly Jewish to a prevailingly gentile Christianity. Under his guidance Christianity was saved from atrophy and death, which threatened it if it remained confined in Palestine. At the same time, by reason of his insight into the truth of the Gospel and fidelity to it, as well as by his devotion to the Old Testament and loyalty to the highest Jewish ideals in which he had been reared, he saved Christianity from the moral and religious degeneracy to which it would surely have been brought if it had broken with its past, and had tried to stand alone and helpless amid the whirl of Greek religious movements of the first and second Christian centuries. In Paul a great force of onward movement and a profound and conscious radicalism were combined with fundamentally conservative principles. Paul appears to have been born at not far from the same time as Jesus Christ. According to Acts, Paul was born in Tarsus (Acts 9:11; etc. ), received the double name Saul/Paul (13:9), and through his family possessed Tarsian and Roman citizenship (22:25-29 (Murphy-OConnor 32-33). Overall, Paul can be described as an able and thoroughly trained Jew, who had gained from his residence in a Greek city that degree of Greek education which complete familiarity with the Greek language and the habitual use of the Greek translation of the Scriptures could bring. At bottom he ever remained the Jew, in his feelings, his background of ideas, and his mode of thought, but he knew how to make tolerably intelligible to Greek readers the truths in which, as lie came to believe, lay the satisfaction of their deepest needs. At Jerusalem Paul entered ardently into the pursuit of the Pharisaic ideal of complete conformity in every particular to the Law. He was, he tells us, found blameless (to every eye but that of his own conscience), and, he says, I advanced in the Jews religion beyond many of mine own age among my countrymen, being more exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers. With fiery passion he entered into the persecution of the Christian sect, was present and took a kind of part at the murder of Stephen, and undertook to carry on the work of suppression outside of Palestine at Damascus, whither he journeyed for this purpose with letters of introduction from the authorities at Jerusalem (Murphy-OConnor 52-57). At this time took place his conversion. That he was converted, and at or near Damascus, his own words leave no doubt. I persecuted, he says in writing to the Galatians, the Church of God. . . But when it was the good pleasure of God, who separated me, even from my mothers womb, and called me through his grace, to reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the gentiles; straightway I conferred not with flesh and blood: neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me: but I went away into Arabia; and again I returned unto Damascus (Gal i. 13-17). The change evidently presented itself to Pauls mind as a direct divine interposition in his life. It came to him in a revelation of Jesus Christ, whereby (and through no human intermediary) he received the Gospel which he preached, and the commission to be an apostle. He refers to it as to a single event and an absolute change of direction, not a gradual process and development; the two parts of his life stood sharply contrasted, he did not conceive that he had slid by imperceptible stages from one to the other. What things [i. e. his advantages of birth and Jewish attainment] were gain to me, these have I counted loss for Christ . . . or whom I suffered — as if in a single moment —the loss of all things (Phil. iii. 7. 8). From Pauls own words, then, we know that he was converted from a persecutor to a Christian, at a definite time and at or near Damascus, by what he considered to be the direct interposition of God; and it seems to be this experience of which he thought as a vision of the risen Christ (Hubbard 176-77). After Pauls conversion, which took place in the latter part of the reign of Tiberius (14-37 a. d. ), about fifteen years passed before the missionary career began of which we have knowledge from Acts and from Pauls own epistles. During this time Paul was first in Arabia, that is in some part of the empire of which Damascus was the most famous city, then in Damascus, and later, after a brief visit to Jerusalem, in Cilicia, doubtless at his old home Tarsus. In this period we may suppose that he was adjusting his whole system of thought to the new centre which had established itself in his mind, the Messiahship of Jesus. With the new basis in mind every part of his intellectual world must have been thought through. Especially, we may believe, will he have studied the relation of Christian faith to the old dispensation and to the ideas of the prophets. The fruit of these years we have in the matured thought of the epistles. They show a steadiness of view and a readiness of resource in the use of the Old Testament, which testify to through work in the time of preparation. Epistles written years apart, like Galatians, Romans and Philippians, surprise us by their uniformity of thought and unstrained similarity of language, in spite of the richness and vivacity of Pauls thought and style. So, for the most part, the characteristic ideas even of Epliesians and Colossians are found suggested in germ in Corinthians and the earlier epistles. Pauls epistles represent the literary flowering of a mind prepared by years of study and reflection (Murphy-OConnor 90-95). At Pauls missionary journey and the beginning then made of churches in Asia Minor we have already looked in a previous chapter. After his return to Antioch followed that great and pivotal occasion of early Christian history, the so-called Council, or Conference, at Jerusalem, described in the fifteenth chapter of Acts and by Paul in the second chapter of Galatians. At that time Paul established his right to carry on the work of Christian missions in accordance with his own principles and his own understanding of the Christian religion. His relation with the Twelve Apostles seems then and at all times to have been cordial. His difficulties came from others in the Jewish Church. To this we know of only one exception, apparently somewhat later than the Conference, the occasion at Antioch when Peter under pressure from Jerusalem withdrew from fellowship with the gentile brethren, and called out from Paul the severe rebuke of which we read in Galatians. There is reason to believe that the rebuke accomplished its purpose. At any rate, at a later time there is no evidence of a continued breach. The idea of missionary travel had evidently taken possession of Paul, for after returning from Jerusalem to Antioch he soon started out again, and was incessantly occupied with missionary work from now until the moment of his arrest at Jerusalem. Leaving Antioch on his second journey he and his companions hurried across Asia Minor, stopping only, it would appear, to revisit and inspect churches previously established. They were led by the Holy Spirit, as the writer of Acts believed, to direct their course westward as rapidly as possible to Greece, which was to be the next stage in the path to the capital of the world. In Macedonia and Achaia Paul and his companions worked with varying success at Philippi, Thessalonica, Ber? a, Athens, Corinth. At Corinth, the chief commercial city of Greece, the Christians arrived in the late autumn. The work opened well, and Paul remained at that important centre until a year from the following spring. The date of his arrival cannot be exactly determined, but is probably one of the five years between 49 and 53 a. d. While at Corinth he wrote the First and (if it is genuine) the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians. Somewhere about this time, perhaps before leaving Antioch for this journey, the Epistle to the Galatians was written. The churches of Galatia, to which it is addressed, were probably the churches known to us in Acts as Pisithan Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe. After a flying trip to Syria and perhaps to Jerusalem Paul returned to Ephesus in Asia Minor, where he settled down for a stay of three years. A few incidents of this period have been recorded in the Book of Acts, and are among the most striking and realistic that we have. They include a remarkable number of points of contact with facts known to us from archeological discoveries, and in no chapters of Acts is our confidence more fully reassured in the contemporary knowledge and the trustworthiness of the writer of the book. While at Ephesus Paul had much communication with Corinth, and wrote I Corinthians, which had clearly been preceded by another letter. There are indications in II Corinthians that after this he found the difficulties in the church at Corinth such that he wrote them at least one letter which has been lost, and made a short, and in its outcome exceedingly painful, trip to Corinth and back to Ephesus. Finally he was impelled by danger to his life to leave Ephesus, and went through Macedonia to Corinth. On the way he wrote, to prepare for his own presence, the epistle we call II Corinthians. Arriving at Corinth in the early winter he stayed until spring. His literary impulse continued active, and to this winter we owe the Epistle to the Romans. Earlier letters had been called out by special need in one or another church; in Romans Paul comes nearer to a systematic exposition of his theology than in any of his earlier writings. He knew the importance that would surely belong to the Christian Church of Rome. He had made up his mind to go there. But first he must go to Jerusalem, and there were dangers both from the risks of travel and from hostile men. Of each hind his life had had many examples. Accordingly he provided for the Roman Christians a clear statement of his main position, together with a reply to several of the chief objections brought against it, notably the allegations that his presentation of Christianity involves the abrogation of Gods promises to his chosen people, and that it opened the way to moral laxity. This letter Paul sent as an earnest of his own visit to Rome. He had been for a year or more supervising the collection by the churches of Asia Minor and Europe of a contribution for the poor Christians at Jerusalem; the gentile churches should thus make a repayment in carnal things to those who had made them to be partakers of their spiritual things. This contribution was now ready, and Paul himself with a group of representatives of the chief churches took ship at Philippi and Troas for Jerusalem. The voyage is narrated in detail in Acts, evidently by one who was a member of the company. At last Paul reached Jerusalem, and was well received by the church; but, followed as he was by the hatred of Jews from the Dispersion who had recognized the menace to the Jewish religion proceeding from the new sect, he was set upon by a mob, rescued only by being taken in custody by the Roman authorities, and after a series of exciting adventures which will be found admirably told in the Book of Acts, was brought to C`sarea. There he stayed a prisoner for two years and more until on the occasion of a change of Roman Governor his case was brought up for trial, when he exercised the right of a Roman citizen to appeal from the jurisdiction of the Governor to that of the imperial court at Rome. It was late autumn, but he was dispatched with a companion whom we may well believe to be Luke the beloved physician, and from whom our account certainly comes. The narrative of Pauls voyage and shipwreck, of the winter on the island of Malta, and the final arrival at Rome early in one of the years between 58 and 62 a. d. is familiar. It is the most important document that antiquity has left us for an understanding of the mode of working an ancient ship, while the picture which it gives of Paul as a practical man is a delightful supplement to our other knowledge of him(Murphy-OConnor 324). In Rome, while under guard awaiting trial, Paul probably wrote Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, and the circular letter, seemingly intended for churches in Asia Minor, known to us as Ephesians. They show some new development of ideas long present with him, and some new thoughts to which his other writings give no parallel, and the style of some of them has changed a bit from the freshness of Galatians and Romans; but these are not sufficient reasons for denying that Paul wrote the letters. They are, indeed, as it seems to me, beyond reasonable doubt genuine. The Book of Acts ends with the words, And he [Paul] abode two whole years in his own hired dwelling, and received all that went in unto him, preaching the Kingdom of God, and teaching the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness, none forbidding him. This period of two years is sufficient to include the composition of the four epistles to which reference has just been made, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, and Epliesians, the so-called Epistles of the Captivity. What happened at the expiration of the period? Apparently Pauls case, long postponed, then came to trial. Did it result in his release or his execution? The evidence is meager and conflicting, and opinions differ. It is perhaps a little more likely that he was released, and entered on further missionary work, probably carrying out his original purpose of pushing on with the proclamation of his Gospel to the west, and establishing it in Spain; but of this period there is no narrative. If after two years Pauls imprisonment at Rome ended with his release, as the absence of well-founded charges against him would lead us to expect, he must have been later again apprehended, probably in connection with the persecution artfully turned against the Christians at the time of Neros fire in July of the year 64. It is probable that he was beheaded, to which privilege his Roman citizenship entitled him, and that he was ultimately buried on the Ostian Way at the spot where now stands the splendid basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls.

AlfredMarshall Essay Example for Free

AlfredMarshall Essay Supply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 March 10, 2014 Ed Hartmann, D. B. A Supply and Demand Simulation Microeconomics and Macroeconomics In the simulation the supply and demand was affected due to the decreasing of the rent in order to lower the vacancy percentage and increase the revenue for the rental company. This is thought of as a temporary fix on a month to month lease basis and provides us with a good example of what microeconomics is. When a new company decided to move into town and increase the population as well as increase the number of jobs provides us with another good example of microeconomics. Because the population increased and the jobs increased means the rental rates are increased as well in order to respond to the increase in demand. The simulation also showed that people who were working in Atlantis were living in cities outside of town because the rent was less there, this is an example of macroeconomics. The government decided to take control of the situation by putting a ceiling of $1550 per month for a 2 bedroom apartment in order for middle class families to be able to afford to live within the city that they work in which is another example of macroeconomics. Because of the ceiling being put on the rental properties it caused the rental company to only rent a portion of their apartments so that they would be able to make some sort of profit because of the cost of maintenance. Shift of Supply and Demand Curve The simulation showed us that when the new company moved into town increasing the population the supply curve shifted down because the supply of the two-bedroom apartments ended up decreasing. Because the population grew within the town the demand curve increased. Analyzing the Shift When the increase in demand occurs this means that the quantity demand is larger than the quantity supplied from the initial equilibrium, which also means that there is a temporary shortage in the market. When the company increased the rental rate due to the demand increasing, the quantity demand decreased and the quantity supplied increased, in return there was a reduction shortage that occurred. The company will have to continue to make adjustments until the equilibrium is met between the new demand curve and the initial supply curve. When the company reached a new equilibrium, the rental rate was higher than it was before, and therefore the number of apartments that were demanded and supplied were increased (University of Phoenix, 2003). Applying What We Learned In Our Workplace Supply and demand in my workplace is based on our customers and what they require. One of our biggest customers is the government mainly the military. For our company when our country is not at war or protecting another country then the demand for our product is low. The demand for our products helps other areas such as law enforcement but the government holds most of the demand of product. When the demand is low our company will need to reduce our headcount in order to stay on top of the game. Conclusion In microeconomics the supply and demand relies on both the competitors and the cost. At the point in which the bidding is done is referred to as the equilibrium. Macroeconomics showed us that when the jobs and population were increased the increase or decrease on the apartments occurs. The equilibrium is higher than it was before and therefore the number of apartments that were demanded and supplied increased as well. The price elasticity of demand affects a consumer’s purchasing and the firm’s pricing strategy when the prices for apartments were lower and the demand was higher. Because of this the prices were increased due to the demand of apartments needed. However, because the prices of the apartments increased the demand for apartments decreased or stayed the same over a short period of time. It seems to me that supply and demand is sort of like dealing with the stock market. When the demand is great you increase the prices to make big profits, however when the demand is lowered than the prices decrease to make sure that the company will come out at least even in the end. References University of Phoenix. (2003). Applying Supply and Demand Simulation [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, eco365 website. University of Phoenix. (2003). Applying Supply and Demand Simulation [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, eco365 website.

The General Electric Mckinsey Matrix Marketing Essay

The General Electric Mckinsey Matrix Marketing Essay In 1890, Thomas Edison established his own company and named as Edison General Electric Company by bringing his different businesses together. Two years later, Edison General Electric Company incorporated with Thomson-Houston Company and, then they named the new organization as General Electric Company. The new organization the General Electric Company is a diversified technology and financial services company. General Electric Company has different type of products and services. They main product and service is householder appliances and General Electric Company is one of the largest manufacturers of major appliances in the world. Besides that, General Electric Company also has other different type of products and services such as aviation, consumer electronics, customer training, electrical distribution, energy, finance-business, healthcare, lighting, oil gas, rail, software services, water, and other. In the early 1890s, the first General Electric appliances electric fans were produced, and a full line of heating and cooking devices were developed in the year 1907. A few years later, General Electric Company developed the first airplane engine booster for the fledgling U.S. aviation industry. Besides that, the plastic filaments for light bulbs were created in 1930, and led to the first General Electric Plastics department. Through the years, General Electrics leaders have built a portfolio for the diversity of management and leading businesses. Thats made the General Electric Company become a most success company that drives growth and reduces the production costs; increase financial strength and Controllership that allow it to capitalize on opportunities through numerous cycles. And, they have a set of common values that allows it to face any environment or situation with confidence. In 1971, the General Electric Company with the helped from McKinsey developed a General Electric/McKinsey Matrix. General Electric/McKinsey Matrix In 1971, the General Electric Company with the help of McKinsey developed the General Electric/McKinsey Matrix. And, General Electric Company used it to measure or decides whether they still need to invest, retain, or divest on their business unit. From internet, The GE matrix/McKinsey matrix is a model to perform a business portfolio analysis on the Strategic Business Units (SBU) of a parent company. Besides that, this matrix is measure the business unit through the business units attractiveness and business strength. When the business units attractiveness and strength is high, the company should keep invest for gain more profit. On the other hand, when the business units attractiveness and strength is medium, the company should retain or selectively invest. But, when the business units attractiveness and strength is low, it is the time for the company to exit that business unit or stop invests in that business unit. The aim of this portfolio analysis is: Analyze its current business portfolio and decide which Strategic Business Unit (SBU)s should receive more or less investment. Develop growth strategies for adding new products and business to the portfolio. Decide which business or products should no longer be retained. Literature review Nowadays, General Electric can be more successful. If should related to the McKinsey and Company consulting firm. Because General Electric Company get the help from McKinsey and Company consulting firm, and developed a more complicated matrix (Figure 2.1). Through the internet research, the General Electric Company used GE matrix/McKinsey matrix as their planning system for management of diversity. From my general knowledge about the GE matrix/McKinsey matrix, it is a strategic that will separate from the mother company into many small business units and determine which business unit should invest more, retain, or divest. From Strategic Management: theory and case study, by Tunchalong Rungwitoo, the General Electric / McKinsey Matrix, is a nine cell matrix from two dimensions, which is industry attractiveness and business strength. For the use of General Electric/McKinsey Matrix, they use the GE matrix/McKinsey matrix to identify whether the small business units should invest, retain, or divest. Besides that, it also can fits perfectly to the companys strengths and helps to exploit the most attractive industries or markets. Besides that, General Electric Company can see the status of their business units and suggest the strategy the business fell in which categories through the General Electric/McKinsey Matrix (Figure 2.2). The vertical axis of the General Electric/McKinsey matrix is industry attractiveness, which is determined by the factors such as market growth rate, market size, demand variability, industry profitability, industry rivalry, global opportunities, and others. And, the horizontal axis of the General Electric/McKinsey matrix is the strength of the business unit. Some factors that can be used to determine business unit strength include: market share, growth in market share, brand equity, distribution channel access, production capacity, and profit margins relative to competitors. From International Journal of Humanities and Social science, the General Electric/McKinsey Matrix requires the identification and assessment of both external and internal factors, which are industry attractiveness and business strength on a nine-cell grid. To grow, to hold, or to harvest are the categories used to classify both attractiveness and strength (Figure 2.2). When that is high attractiveness and high business strength (Leader), the company should seek dominance and maximize investment. When that is medium attractiveness and medium business strength (Proceed with care), the company should specialize and invest selectively. And, when that is low attractiveness and low business strength (Withdrawal), the company should attack rivals and time exit. Data analysis After the research, General Electric/McKinsey Matrix had seen more effective and useful for the companys strategies business units (SBU). Because it will look at the industry attractiveness and business strength for every companys business units, and make sure every business unit will get profit. For example, the industry attractiveness, which will determined the companys business units market growth rate, market size, demand variability, and others. After that, this matrix also looks at the business unit strength such as market share, growth in market share, brand equity, production capacity, and others. Then, they will use the business attractiveness and strength to determine whether they still need to invest, retain, or divest for that business unit. References for history: Profile: General Electric Co (GE.N). (n.d.). Retrieved October 29, 2012, from http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=GE.N Thomas Edison GE. (2012). Retrieved October 29, 2012, from http://www.ge.com/company/history/edison.html Products Services. (2012). Retrieved October 29, 2012, from http://www.ge.com/products_services/index.html http://dl.wecouncil.com/Serf/SerfWeb/User1/GE%20Matrix.pdf McKinsey matrix-GE matrix. (2012). Retrieved November 9, 2012, from http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_ge_mckinsey.html Samuel Obino Mokaya, Beatrice Wakhungu, Raphael Mwiti Gikunda. (2012). The Application of McKinsey Matrix in Determination of Route Attractiveness and Resource Allocation in Kenya Airways. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol.2 No.3, pp. 259-261. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_3_February_2012/35.pdf GE/McKinsey Matrix. (2010). Retrieved November 10, 2012, from http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/matrix/ge-mckinsey/ Tunchalong Rungwitoo, Strategic Management: Theory and Case Study, May 2012, pp. 28-33. Appendices: Definition of General Electric (Print screen) The aim of portfolio analysis (Print screen) The vertical and horizontal axis of General Electric/McKinsey matrix (Print screen) Business strength High Medium Low Industry attractiveness High Medium Low Figure 2.1-General Electric/McKinsey Matrix Business strength High Medium Low Industry attractiveness High Seek dominance Maximize investment (Leader) Identify Growth area Invest in growth (Try harder) Maintain position Seek cash position (Cash generation) Medium Identify weaknesses Build on strengths (Growth) Specialize Invest selectively (Proceed with care) Pure lines Minimize investment (Phased withdrawal) Low Specialize niche Seek acquisition (Improve or quit) Specialize niche Consider exit (Phased withdrawal) Attack Rivals Time exit (Withdrawal) Figure 2.2-General Electric/McKinsey Matrix (1971)

Gambling :: essays research papers

English attitudes and opinions prevailed in the â€Å"New World†, and created gambling in America. Settlers brought with them the view that gambling was a harmless diversion. In these colonies, gambling was a popular and accepted activity. Legal gambling tended to be those types that were considered gentlemen-like. For example, it took a long time for cock fighting and prize-fighting to become legal because it was not considered a suitable gentlemen’s’ game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the financial backers of the colonies viewed gambling as a source of the colonies' problems, they began to see it as the solution as well. The Virginia Company of London was permitted by Britain to hold lotteries and raise money for the company's colonial venture. The lotteries were relatively sophisticated and included instant winners. Eventually, Britain banned the lotteries because of complaints from the English back home that felt that they were robbing Britain’s money. Proceeds helped establish some of the nation's earliest and most prestigious universities -- Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Dartmouth, Princeton, and William and Mary. Lottery funds were also used to build churches and libraries. Among the lotteries was a private lottery passed by Congress in 1823 for the beautification of Washington D.C. Unfortunately, the organizers run off with the proceeds and the winner was never paid.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lotteries were not the only form of gambling during this era; wagering on horse racing was a popular form of gambling. Unsurprisingly, it was not quite as organized as modern horse racing. The first racetrack in North America was built on Long Island in 1665.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Casino gaming started slowly. Taverns and roadhouses would allow dice and card games. The relatively sparse population was a barrier to establishing gaming houses, but as the population increased, by the early 1800s, lavish casinos were established in the young republic. During the 1830's, the actions of the professional gamblers came under growing scrutiny and southern settlers turned against the professional gambler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The anti-lottery forces fought against lotteries and prevailed. In 1833 Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts put an end to state authorized lotteries. By 1840, most states had banned lotteries. By 1860, only Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky still allowed state-authorized lotteries. Nevertheless, the tickets of these few states were shipped around the country by mail or smugglers. The prohibition also led to the creation of illegal lotteries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The gold rush brought a huge increase in the amount and types of gambling to California; San Francisco replaced New Orleans as the center for gambling in the United States.

The Dam Debate :: Environmental John Muir Ecology Essays

The Dam Debate In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, John Muir, a naturalist, and Marsden Manson, an engineer for the city of San Francisco, engaged in a heated debate over the construction of a dam in Hetchy Hetchy Valley. Muir wanted to preserve nature for the future, so he objected to the dam because he felt it would destroy the beauty of the area. On the other hand, Manson believed building a dam would provide water and electricity to the thousands of people who lived in the city of San Francisco, and this would preserve the well being of the human race for the future. Both men had good points and arguments to support their views; however, in the end you have to look out for your own kind. If there is a choice about the well being of the human race or nature, I believe there is only once choice to be made – the future support of the human race. John Muir supported saving Hetchy Hetchy Valley for several reasons. He believed building a dam would close the area to the public and restrict access for people to enjoy the outdoors through camping, hiking, or just getting in touch with nature (Muir). Manson, however, believed that there was more need to provide a future source of water and electricity to the tens of thousands of people who lived in the city during that time (Manson). It is possible that Manson saw the influx of people moving to San Francisco and knew the population would explode over the years and thus, saw the need for preserving some basic essential needs for human survival. He felt that preserving nature for a few hundred people who might go hiking or camping was far less important than preserving the human race. We all know that electricity is not an essential need to survive, because people have lived by fire and candlelight for centuries, but water is essential to survival. Another argument that was discussed was building a dam would exclude the public to the watershed above the dam. This was only partially true because it would only be closed for about three and a half months of the year. Yosemite Valley had been doing this for decades to keep Tuolumne Meadows clean. Closing the area for a brief time as Yosemite Valley does would be for the same reason – to keep the watershed clean.

Off The Cuff (Improvisation) :: essays research papers

Off the Cuff Do people always know what to say next? To use actions never thought of ahead of time? To carry on a conversation when the person talking to you throws out a question way off base, and yourself, the person receiving the question, doesn’t know what to say? Welcome to the world of Improvisation. We all know how these questions make us feel, using improvisation is just the fancy term used. A theatrical skill used in comedies, dramas, and mostly in small time theatre groups (The Groundlings). Improvisation, the ability to compose, to make, recite, invent, or arrange offhand. Some points of view in a theatre perspective are a look ahead on train of thought, actions with movement, and where exactly is this going, (the ultimate meaning).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When people talk in conversations, they usually think of what they are going to say, a category, or subject. A look ahead, or train of thought is always a skill. Improvisation is also included in a scene or conversation that what ever comes out of the mouth at a steady pace and make some sort of sense. In many comical theatre groups today, they use improvisation by using the audiences’ thoughts or suggestions. So now the actors or actresses have to make up a scene using not their own thoughts, but the audiences, and make sense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An action with movement is another term of Improvisation used in theatre. To use movement makes the point or thought the person is trying to get across a lot clearer. Actions that have no meaning with the conversation may confuse some people. For example, if someone is in a business meeting is talking a respective manner while at the same time is performing the act of skiing down a hill, the person seeing and hearing this would be confused. The action he/she would want to use is legs crossed, hands folded, and looking into the persons eyes while talking. No dialog can still move a conversation or theatrical scene. It all depends on how it is done.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Where is this going? The thought usually pops up in an individual’s head at one time. To have an ultimate meaning is another important manner in improvisation. To think of dialog is a skill many people do not have. In crowds, or groups, some people have to talk from note cards or a letter with an outline. Others can talk all day without those because they have the use of their brain that outputs dialog that makes sense with the conversation.

Contract and Procurement Essay

Contract and procurement are imperative operations that should be done appropriately for the success of an organization. More often than not, people who are in judge of procurement do take these activities less seriously (MOLENAAR, 2007). Due to such concern most institutions have put in place stringent measures that control all the procurement transactions. In addition to that, people should be employed to be responsible for this duty according to the policies of many institutions should be highly trained (MOSEY, 2009). This sudden change that has taken place in many companies and organizations has real improved the output of the department of procurement hence most activities run smoothly as scheduled. The directors of the department of procurement partly determine the success or the failure of a project that is undergoing. Therefore, the managers of projects work very closely with the procurement officers to ensure that everything that is required is provided whenever its need arises. It is significant that, there exists a good relationship between the project managers and the procurement officers (MOSEY, 2009). If that is not the case, then there shall be contradicting ideas that will jeopardize the progress of the project. It is worth noting that, the duties and responsibilities of the procurement officers vary in accordance with the structure of an organization. This shows that, different procurement divisions have got structures which are designed to make management coordination and monitoring. This arrangement is imperative in improvement of the efficiency of the procurement activities. As aforementioned, the project manager should coordinate the transaction in collaboration with procurement manager to acquire all the requirements. The transactions which are carried out to achieve this are done un der the interpretation of the set policies, rules and regulations (BOWER, 2003). The rules and regulations set by the institution to ensure that the activities are carried out in harmony within all the departments that exist in a company. Unlike in the past, procurement process has dynamically changed and incorporated more activities. It only used to involve purchasing of goods and services required, but that is not the case nowadays (MOSEY, 2009). In procurement planning is done first. It determines whether to purchase a given commodity and if it should be bought the way it should be bought and quantity to be supplied. After this, reliable and potential supplies are determined, and contracts made with to supply the goods ordered (MOLENAAR, 2007). Before a contract is signed, thorough scrutiny is done by evaluating the proposals of the shortlisted vendors and interviews conducted to select the one that is unparalleled in offering those services and goods. After that, the one that emerges the best is awarded the contract. Supervision of the supply is done by the procurement office. Procurement process gives support to the internal activities that are done within an organization. The operations served include management, production and marketing services. It supports all the processes, infrastructure and systems required by the projects. In other the dimension, a procurement body that is independent and separate provides all the things required by the project on a transaction basis (BOWER, 2003). In this case, the director of the project gives a list of things which are required and the procurement officer buys and coordinates the goods until they reach at the company to be used. In either organizational structure, the procurement manager is involved in generating and managing the operational transactions and the linkage that exists between all the stakeholders of the project. This relationship that is created by the procurement manager exists in the whole procurement cycle period (MOSEY, 2009). The relationship between procurement professionals and the project management team is significant in that it creates a better environment for cross functional participation of all stakeholders. Moreover, it enables the procurement department to produce the best services to the project (DINSMORE & CABANIS-BREWIN, 2011). Therefore, for the procurement office to fit properly in the organization it must be well acquitted with the management strategies of the project. In a project based organization, there are about five general steps of procurement. Foremost, in collaboration with management, the procurement office should determine the requirements of the project. After determining what the requirements, the supplier is selected, who in agreement with project managers and the procurement professionals is given a contract to supply goods and services. The procurement department supervises and conducts routine assessment on the performance of the supplier until the contract ends (DINSMORE & CABANIS-BREWIN, 2011). In centralized corporate management, there is an interaction between the principal stakeholders; the corporate purchasing coordination team, the chief executive officer, the chief purchasing officer, the managers of the business units and the purchasers of the business unit (SANKAR & RAU, 2006). All of them have well defined roles and responsibilities in the procurement process. Most companies use formal organizational mechanisms like working groups and commodity teams, non-formal mechanisms of networking like employing competent people and initiating development programs, advanced systems of communication and use of complex management strategies (PENFIELD, 2010). In the centralized business unit procurement, the business units operate autonomously despite the fact that they are under one enterprise. The business unit creates a procurement order ships it to another business unit for supplier. Proper accounting records are kept to show the financial transactions between the two business units (SANKAR & RAU, 2006). References BOWER, D. (2003). Management of procurement. London, Thomas Telford. DINSMORE, P. C., & CABANIS-BREWIN, J. (2011). The AMA handbook of project management. New York, American Management Association MOLENAAR, K. R. (2007). Alternative project delivery, procurement, and contracting methods for highways. Reston, American Society of Civil Engineers. PENFIELD, P. C. (2010). A primer on negotiating corporate purchase contracts. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017), Business Expert Press SANKAR, C. S., & RAU, K.-H. (2006). Implementation strategies for SAP R/3 in a multinational organization: lessons from a real-world case study. Hershey, Pennsylvania, CyberTech. MOSEY, D. (2009). Early Contractor Involvement in Building Procurement Contracts, Partnering and Project Management. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons.

Furniture: Marketing and Consumers

Question 2: Using a multistage CDP model, describe how consumers in this market segment( Gen Y and young professionals) typically make furniture purchase decisions. In this case, it mentions 4 stages which include need recognition, search process, pre-purchase evaluation, and purchase. Need recognition occurs when consumers really need more furniture commonly. Actually, many situations will cause their needs. For instance, replacing their furniture, having more money, get ting married and so on.After they decide to buy new furniture, if the need of new furniture is not very urgent, they intend to do external research to make sure. However, in many cases, they will be influenced by sales promotion and previous experience. Advice from friends and family will be a reference. Advertising, compared with that, is the most untrustworthy. They will go to real shops to see what they liked online and feel the comfort and workmanship in person. If they like a brand, they will find relevant prod ucts from that brand or another brand with similar styles.After deciding which to buy, it comes to the purchase process. Most of consumers had used financing in the past, but now they prefer to pay in cash. But for Gen Y and young professionals, they have lower income and cannot afford to pay cash. They desire to feel the perception, that they can enjoy a lifestyle that is above what they can afford by spreading the payments over a long period of time. Therefore, they would like to pay it with interests for six months. Question 3: How should Family Furniture respond to competitors?Over the years, Family Furniture has faced many big competitors. Some furniture store attract customers with â€Å"no, no, no† advertising, which means â€Å"no down payment, no interest and no payments until next year†. It was reported that an increasing number of Family Furniture’s customers went to other stores in other cities or nearby regions to buy furniture and some others were making their purchases through the Internet. This has put Family Furniture into a perplexing situation. In my view, Family Furniture should expand its target market to younger people, together with the old.The fact that the city has many young consumers, unemployment rate is low are an advantage for the company. That consumers here are mostly white-collar and well-educated workers with a high level of income tells us that they are totally be able to afford their purchases in Family Furniture. With a strong historical business, the company can promote big advertising campaigns to recall customer awareness, such as offering big sales on special occasions or sending magazines to their mail boxes every month to show new products with new promotional programs.These programs should always emphasize the familiarity of customers with Family Furniture over other competitors through a long period, well-known national brands and the quality of furniture. In addition, marketing techniques invol ving community involvement such as an official website or searching websites should also be improved, because they will catch customers’ attention and help them find information about the company and products much more easily. Question 4: What promotional strategy and media do you recommend for Family Furniture?Family Furniture is a business-to-consumer company but not a business-to-business one. They sell furniture directly to consumers. So I recommend this company to use a â€Å"pull strategy† which means spending on advertising, sales promotion and direct marketing to induce final consumers to buy their furniture. Advertising will help Family Furniture to present their promotion of ideas, goods, or services to compete with others, like Ikea. Direct marketing concentrates on individual consumers to both obtain immediate response and cultivate lasting customer relationships, such as the using of internet.According to the research on reasons of choosing a particular st ore, â€Å"previous experience† and â€Å"sale or promotion† account for 28 and 36 percentage respectively. It means these two reasons are the most important elements that make consumers choose a particular store. Family Furniture should choose both personal communication channels (two or more people communicate directly with each other) and non-personal communication channels (media that carry messages without personal contact for feedback) as their media to induce consumers to purchase.The last channel of personal communication is word-of-mouth influence. People may influenced by their neighbors, friends, family members and so forth. Print media, for instance, newspapers and magazines should be remained, because it works and has lasted for decades. As Cult Advertising said recently, nontraditional marketing techniques need to be involved. Young generations use computers more often than older people, they will pay attention to fresh and new things rather than printed brochures.Online media like company Web, e-mail should be used as well because most of their customers are older people, they should attract more young people. Then their consumers’ region will be broader. Using mass media often affect buyer behavior indirectly by causing more personal communication. If the products in Family Furniture are very good, consumers will spread this information by â€Å"word-of-mouth influence† channel.

Preventing Childhood Obesity as a Parent

In today's society, childhood obesity is considered a serious public health issue and can be classified as an epidemic. In the United States alone, one in seven children ages 6-17 are considered to be obese. In the last 40 years in the United States the rate of childhood obesity has tripled. The main reason why childhood obesity has become such a serious issue is because children now days live more sedentary lifestyles. Children now days are bombarded with television advertisements urging them to eat foods high in fat and calories while staying inside and playing video games or watching television. Childhood obesity does not only affect children in childhood but can cause a list of health issues in their adult lives also. When it comes to education regarding childhood obesity, the responsibility needs to be addressed by the parents, schools and the media. In the following paper, I am going to explain how childhood obesity can be controlled at home by the parents. Everything can be learned at home and applied to everyday life. I am going to give a brief overview of what the problems associated with childhood obesity are and what are the main contributing factors. I will show also show the long term effects of the issue and how it can also be addressed by the parents. Childhood obesity is costing the United States millions of dollars I health care expenses. In my opinion, I feel that this can be diverted by simple education from the parents. According to the article Facts about Childhood Obesity and Over-weightiness, obese children are statistically not active and consume diets that are high in fat. Most physicians use what they call a Body Mass Index Scale (BMI) to calculate how overweight a child is. Children who are over a 30 when it omes to BMI are considered obese. In order to calculate a person including a child’s BMI, you would have to divide their weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters (Mokdad,). When it comes to weight gain among children, you have to factor in many things such poor dietary habits, genetic makeup, family lifestyle, socioeconomic status and a child's ethnicity. Obesity is more prevalent amon g Hispanic, African-American and American Indian children, particularly girls (Mayohealth. org). When it comes to children who suffer from obesity most are not overeaters. The main cause of their weight gain is that the majority of the foods they consume contain high amounts of calories. When it comes to consuming excess calories, just an additional 200 calories a day can cause excess weight gain in children and add up to half a pound of fat a week. Although foods high in calories are partially to blame, soft drinks and fruit flavored beverages with high levels of sugar content also are a main cause of weight gain in children. In a recent study, it shows the average teenager in the United States today consumes an average of 65 gallons of sugary soft drinks annually. The number is doubled in elementary school age children and the number in general has tripled in the past two decades. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, diet is not the only factor contributing to the problem. Many physicians and child psychologist also blame the increase television viewing and a child’s more sedentary lifestyle. When it comes to watching television it does not require a large expenditure of energy and is usually accompanied by high-calorie foods. The American Heart Association reports that on average, a child watches a total of 17 hours of television a week. This report does not include the time spent playing both video and computer games. In one study performed by the American Heart Association, they found that a child who watches more than five hours of television a day have a greater risk of weight gain than children who watched less than two. (Mayohealth. org) Along with sedentary lifestyles, the addition of fast food can lead to obesity in children. As you drive in any town and city located in the United States, the one thing you will notice is that there is a fast food chain on almost every corner. Along with a fast food chain on every street corner, children watch television that are filled with commercial and advertisement showing their newest food selections. Many of these commercials have been geared toward children and can be associated with the rise of childhood obesity. In a recent study, researchers have found out that families that choose fast food as a meal three or more times a week do run a higher risk of obesity and larger BMI’s. When it comes to all fast food chains, the one thing they all have in common is that every kid’s meal comes with a choice of a boys or girls toy. The other thing they have in common is the absence of fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grain. The absence of these healthy choices can make the effects of the burgers and fries that much more severe. In order to solve the problem of fast food, parents can balance a burger with regular exercise. With this combination, you can balance fast food with healthy choices. In a 1996 U. S. Surgeon General’s Report regarding fitness, nearly half of young people ages 12 to 21 years of age are not psychically active. The American College of Sports Medicine reports that, due to financial constraints, only one-third of schools now offer physical education classes and many children today finds team sports too competitive or costly to join. (Mayohealth. org) Physical education and organized sports not only provide children with an active lifestyle, but it also teaches them discipline. Although it is important for schools to provide young children with sports and physical education, the main responsibility lies at home with the parents. The effects of childhood obesity does not just end when the child grows into an adult but can cause further health issues in the future. Childhood obesity has been linked to hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Being extremely overweight and not active as child causes the buildup of excess fat which circulates the blood and eventually turns into plaque. The plaque caused by this excess fat begins to slowly accumulate in arteries which causes a strain on the veins. The accumulation of this plaque can occur early in childhood and could lead to heart disease or a eart attack as an adult. The distribution of fat in the body has an important effect on one's blood pressure. Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated. Young overweight adults between the ages 20-45; are six times more likely to have hypertension then normal weight peers the same age. This number is increased if an adult grew up as an obese child. An accumulation of fat results in the release of fatty acids into veins which causes an excess of hepatic synthesis of triglycerides, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The Journal of the American Medical Association Volume. #282) Along with heart disease, diabetes is another health issue associated with early childhood obesity. Obesity increases the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes and causes two different forms of the disease. One form of diabetes is the increased demand for insulin the other form is the resistance of insulin in an obese individual. Obesity causes a resistance to insulin that increases the insulin production to compensate the excess of glucose circulating in the blood. This excess causes damage to beta cells in the pancreas, producing insulin. (The Journal of the American Medical Association Volume. #282) Along with physical and health issues, psychological issues are also associated with childhood obesity. In today’s society a lot of emphasis has been placed on physical appearance. This is made evident in the media which portrays what they consider the ideal image of a person. These images make overweight people feel unattractive and unwanted. Many people in today’s society assume that obese people are lazy, fat, gluttonous and unattractive. It is because of these prejudices that cause children to feel rejected, shame and depression. Like health issues, psychological issues can also be carried over from childhood to adulthood. When it came to the treatment of childhood obesity, many thought it could be achieved through strict dieting and exercise. This was found to be unsuccessful in most cases due to the fact children did not have the support in order to accomplish this goal. A new treatment involving a family-based approach is now being introduced as possible treatment for childhood obesity. These programs are more successful because they maintain or slowly help a child lose weight as he/she grows (Mellin). These programs focus on the entire family, promoting physical and emotional well being and not diet. In order to perform this type of treatment, medical professionals have to first do a bio-psychosocial assessment to see if there are any medical or psychosocial problems. (Mellin) Once this is established, they can then address the symptoms of obesity and the causes of the weight gain. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, it is important to involve the entire family in treating this problem. Children need motivation and support from their family prior to the involvement of dieting or exercise. With a strong support structure, it allows children to feel they can accomplish anything. In my opinion childhood obesity is a serious problem because it affects all areas of today’s society. Childhood obesity affects a person’s health, psychological well-being, the medical field and the family. I feel that in today’s society they many consider exercise, dieting and medication a quick fix in solving the problem. I feel that the problem of childhood obesity can be resolved at home with proper education and support. All health problems in children that can be prevented starts with the parents prior to the involvement of anyone else. As a parent of an overweight child, the first thing you must do is set attainable goals. The most important thing is you have to learn how to walk before you can run. The benefits of setting attainable goals are that when an overweight child accomplishes the goals you have set it provides them with the motivation to accomplish more. If you set the goal to high and the child does not accomplish them, it makes them discouraged and will make it harder for them to achieve more. I feel along with support and motivation, an overweight child needs proper education regarding proper diet. I feel that many parents today feed their children what they want because they feel it is making them happy. What parents have to understand is just because it makes them happy doesn’t mean it is good for them. When feeding children full meals, a healthy diet containing less than 30% fat calories is considered sufficient in raising healthy child. Moran) Parents should also only offer snacks when the child is hungry. The most important rule when offering a child a snack is to make the snack healthy. Parents should offer their children fresh fruit, raw vegetables and water rather than sugary soft drinks. I feel that now days many parents use food as a reward rather than for nutritional purposes. In my opinion children should be pra ised verbally and not given snacks like dogs when they do something well. Verbal praise I feel works well especially when a child makes a healthy choice options. Another way a parent could help children maintain a healthy body weight is to encourage the child to participate in sports for at least a half an hour a day (Levine). Parents should encourage children to be active and go outside to play. Parents should also participate and encourage their children to play organized sports. When parents are involved in their child’s active lifestyle, children tend to see it all the way through. Parents should also limit children watching television and playing video games. Television and video should be used as a reward rather than a parenting tool. When it comes to childhood obesity and many other childhood diseases, parents now days are more anxious to throw medication at it or go for the quick fix. In my opinion, before a child can even talk they learn from everything you teach them as a parent. The issue of childhood obesity is never going to go away but it can be curved with a simple lifestyle change. All the learning starts at home and all habits whether good or bad starts at home too. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, parents have to learn that they are the key to their child living a healthy lifestyle and growing into healthy adults.

English A Language And Literature Essay

These notes to examiners are intended only as guidelines to assist marking. They are not offered as an exhaustive and fixed set of responses or approaches to which all answers must rigidly adhere. Good ideas or angles not offered here should be acknowledged and rewarded as appropriate.  Similarly, answers which do not include all the ideas or approaches suggested here should be rewarded appropriately. SECTION A Candidates are required to compare a letter from John Steinbeck to his eldest son Thom with an â€Å"advice† comic strip by Ken Cursoe, both of which explore the virtues (or not) of being in love. An adequate to good analysis will: †¢ note the commonalities of the two texts, such as Thom and Luke both seeking advice about love, the â€Å"expert’s† opinion about love, male/female distinctions, etc †¢ note some of the differences between the two texts, such as father / Tiny Sepuku, sincerity / humor, letter / advice column/cartoon, etc †¢ comment on the different text types, noting some characteristics of each. (For example, the letter observes the conventions of the form and responds to a letter on a personal level and addresses the issues it raises in a clear and logical fashion. The cartoon, posing as an advice column, opens with a brief letter of two questions answered by Tiny in a â€Å"tongue-in-cheek† fashion through seven vignettes of the â€Å"super powers† that love gives to either the male or female in the relationship) †¢ comment on the differences of context as deduced from the times and situations in which the texts were generated and from issues and references made within the texts themselves, such as the vignettes of the cartoon, the implications of the gestures and language of the cartoon characters, as well as the relationships revealed in the letter and the attitudes expressed by Steinbeck †¢ comment on the differences of audience and purpose as deduced from the two text types. A good to excellent analysis may also: †¢ consider further the differences in the attitudes to â€Å"love† †¢ consider more closely the purposes of the writers as viewed through their choice of text types, considering closely the differences between seriousness and humour †¢ offer a more in-depth analysis of both the letter and the cartoon, looking  closely at the stylistic features and showing some familiarity with terms appropriate to each †¢ offer a more careful consideration of audience and purpose, for example, the original recipient of the letter and, now, the wider audience interested in the life and writings of John Steinbeck, and, for the cartoon, those who follow the comic strip (and write in) or the general public who are amused by the cartoonist’s treatment of the subject. –4– N13/1/AYENG/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX/M SECTION B Candidates are required to compare the poem Eyepiece by Judith Beveridge with a message from the Yahoo forum Microscope – Microscopy as a hobby or profession, which present, respectively, figurative and literal views of the world seen through a microscope. An adequate to good analysis will: †¢ note the commonalities of the two texts: the viewing of the world through a microscope, the identification of what is being looked at in each case †¢ comment on the two text types exploring some characteristics of each (the blend of personal and scientific comments in the message, as well as the nature of observation, both general and specific, the use of scientific language, the global nature of the â€Å"group,† etc as opposed to the more refined qualities of the poem: stanzas, lines, enjambment, simile, extended metaphor, alliteration, etc) †¢ comment on the â€Å"view of the world† that is offered by these writers and how distinctions between their purposes, contexts and audience shape their use of language, style and technique †¢ offer a recognition of the distinction between literal and figurative. A good to excellent analysis may also: †¢ offer a more in-depth analysis of both text types, showing how choice of text type influences both the structure and style of the content †¢ offer a careful consideration of the world view that is presented in each text: looking at the distinctions between describing an evening as though it  were a vision seen through a microscope compared with the reality of looking at water through a microscope and the impact (such as â€Å"fascinating†, â€Å"shocked and horrified†) on the observer †¢ consider more closely the two speaking voices (the scientist and the persona of the poem), how they are characterized and to what effect †¢ offer a cogent comparison of the two text types that offers a clear understanding of purpose, context, content and audience.

First exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

First exam - Assignment Example The options available to the organization is to obtain a lease for 36 months with the option to purchase at the end of the lease period, purchasing the motor vehicles by taking out a loan that is repayable over a 36 month (3 year) period or one that is repayable over a 60 month (5 year) period. The 2013 Odyssey LX There are three alternatives available to the organization if it seeks to purchase a 2013 Odyssey LX as one of the vehicles to be used in carrying out the work of the organization. These vehicles will be mainly assessed based on whether to lease or buy and the repayment period to be chosen in the case of the decision to purchase. The difference in total fixed cost is not very different in the case of the 5 year purchase option and the lease option which are $29,110 and $29,548 respectively and this would make the lease option more attractive in present value terms. The 3 year purchase option is approximately $1,250 less than the 5 year purchase option but the time value of money would determine which the better option. However, other considerations when purchasing a vehicle are its fuel economy and the cost of repairs and maintenance. ... If the total miles to be travelled are well within the 45,000 miles limited then this option may be the best when the present value of money is taken into consideration. Here, an appropriate cost of capital to be used in arriving at the present value of the expenditure over the period would become a further consideration. However, if the motor vehicle is to be purchased by the organization at the end of the lease period approximately half of the total costs to the company of $13,868 would be paid at the end of year 3 and so the present value would be much less than paying the amount over a three year period. Additionally, this option presents the organization with a further option at the end of the lease period to either buy the motor vehicle or lease a new motor vehicle. Therefore, if the organization believes that it is best to get a new vehicle for various reasons including a substantial fall in the value of the vehicle, it would not be saddled with the task of selling the vehicle . One of the drawbacks of this option is that the lessor may specify the type of insurance required and this may place additional and unnecessary burden on the organization. Option 2 – Purchase the Odyssey using a loan repayable over 3 years Purchasing the Odyssey using a loan repayable over 3 years appears to be the lowest cost option based on the information in Table 1. However, this may not be the case if the present value of the expenditure over the 3 year period is considered. As mentioned an appropriate cost of capital would have to be used in determining this. In this case the payments for the motor vehicle are spread evenly over the 3 year period. One advantage of this option is that there will be no further charges for any additional miles travelled over 45,000 as in the

Identify Musical Ideas Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Identify Musical Ideas - Assignment Example The tune provided as the first idea is quite soulful and soft. Upon listening the first musical idea, i.e. A, it can be determined that counter time of the music was at 7th second of the beginning of the idea. Again, at the end time of the idea, the counter time was in the 14th minute. Similarly, for the musical idea of B, the first counter time, which was at the beginning of the idea is at 6th second while the counter time for the later end was at the 14th second (Connect for Education, â€Å"The Concepts of Unity and Variety†). To understand the process better, the letter of musical notation can be considered to be from A to G with the pitch being in ascending order from A to G. The musical letter for A can be in the form of A  ¶ D  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ B  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ G  ¶ B  ¶ A. Again, the musical letter for idea B can be in the form of A  ¶ D  ¶ E  ¶ F  ¶ A  ¶ D  ¶ G  ¶ A. The order of the first idea started from a low high but ended on a high note. Idea A stated from 2nd second and ended at 13th second. For idea 2, the pattern was low to high and it ended with high as well. For idea B, the starting point was 30th second and the ending point was 43rd second. The composer used timbre, which involves the use of different instruments for making the song while dynamics was used to present diverse level of volume (Connect for Education, â€Å"The Concepts of Unity and Variety†). Thus, as can be apparently observed, the components of the chorus, â€Å"Here the Conquring Hero Com es† can be observed as based on the philosophies of unity and variety, consoling the minds and the persona of the listeners as expected from a rich music as